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With the large amount of rural labor force transfer, rice live technology developed rapidly, paddy field formation is a variety of irrigation technology application premise, is to ensure high yield and stable rice yield important measures. As the rice seed live on the mud surface, the flatness of the field requirements are higher. The past two years the province's full-mechanized rice demonstration base construction projects in our region, rice precision hole sowing machine and laser graders and technology for the first time put into use in our province, through their own personally on the use of paddy field grader and operation, shallow Talk about some experience.

1, the composition of the laser level system and working principle

The laser land leveling system is mainly composed of laser launchers, laser receivers, controllers and hydraulic working systems. The working principle is that the laser emitter emits a reference circular plane rotating beam (which can also provide a reference slope) that rotates 360 degrees. The receiver mounted on the scraper support telescopic rod controls the signal collected by the controller Hydraulic actuator, hydraulic mechanism as required to control the scraper up and down action, you can complete the land leveling operations. Hydraulic system mainly by the hydraulic pump, relief valve, electromagnetic valve, shunt valve, hydraulic cylinder and other components. The hydraulic pump is driven by the power output shaft of the head (power); the electromagnetic directional control valve adopts the power supply of the head (power) power supply, and the oil flow is controlled. The automatic adjustment of the shunt valve makes the two cylinders reach the speed and stroke Synchronous; relief valve to ensure that the system pressure is constant or limit the maximum pressure; hydraulic cylinders as the implementation of the system components to achieve the paddy field grader of the ground shovel of the normal work.

2, the laser transmitter and receiver placement

The elevation system of the paddy field grading machine mainly receives the laser signal and controls the flat shovel in the setting plane. Its dynamic characteristic is an important guarantee for the leveling operation quality of the grader. The laser transmitter is an important part of the flat system, so the installation of the laser transmitter should do the following: the use of batteries and spare batteries fully charged; higher than the operating block 50 ~ 100 cm flat installation, installation Note that the stent is at the level of the launch range. The general diameter should be controlled within 800 m. There is no obstruction in the operating range. Receiver installation should note the following: the receiver should be installed in the laser level of the scraper support telescopic rod on the highest position, the installation should pay attention to tighten the fastening bolts, due to the operation due to uneven ground, flat shovel operation jitter , It is easy to cause the fastening bolts loose lead to the receiver down, so that the receiver and the transmitter is not in the same level, which can not receive the laser signal, resulting in flat shovel can not work; pay attention to the receiver and controller cable and socket installation, The connection line must be inserted according to the socket position correctly and tighten, connect the other end must be inserted in the signal port position; pay attention to the cable line with tape tie (reserved line can not be too long, not too short), to avoid Other activities of the mechanical parts of the friction damage, to reserve the laser receiver to receive laser signals when the scraping shovel support telescopic rod on the moving distance.

3, the operation of the water level and starting point position and the choice of operating routes

After the tillage work, keep the water level of about 2 cm (the water is too deep to find the operating benchmark, can not be a good way to determine the operating route and operating results; too little water or water, machine operating load, not easy to flat). Starting point work position selection in the work of plots relative to the highest place, put down the scraping shovel, find a job benchmark (eat some of the soil, in about 2 ~ 3 cm do less shovel many times), flat ground shovel will be this The reference point of the location of the reference to the soil to push high and low fill. Adjust the height of the laser receiver on the support telescopic rod so that the beam emitted by the emitter coincides with the receiver. At this point, the middle of a row of the receiver lights, indicating that the receiver and the transmitter emitted by the same level of laser beam, that is fixed point. At this time, set the controller switch in the automatic position, start the engine, start the homework. The first flat road from the plots relative to the high soil to the low soil walk, the high ground shovel to the low, repeated many times until the relatively flat after the operation of the field to adjust the operating benchmark, select a good route to avoid turning, From the side of the plots for the "a few" shaped operations. Operation should ensure that its flat shovel has been in a certain level, so that the flatness of the paddy field after the operation to achieve the requirements of fine leveling, the general level of the ground level of the ground level is 3m, the ground shovel between 2 ~ 3 cm , The ground can be relatively flatness error of about 2 cm.

4, scraping shovel adjustment and control and common faults

Adjust the scraper shovel must be carried out without walking, first in the laser transmitter work under normal circumstances, the controller on the laser receiving control switch to the manual position, "to enhance" scraping shovel from the ground about 5 cm (Not too high), in the hydraulic workstations to adjust the scraper cylinder adjustment valve (such as scraping shovels left high and low, shortening the cylinder elongated size until the horizontal position of the scraping shovel, such as scrapers left and right high, then On the contrary), adjust the level after the lock position, to avoid the ground for a long time vibration. Lay down the scraper to find the operating benchmark, the controller on the laser receiver switch to the automatic position, into the job. Before the work is carried out, adjust the scraper to find the operating benchmark, the laser receiving switch to the automatic position, generally no longer move the scraping shovel position (except in the operation due to scraping shovel hit the ridge and large stone within the hard So that it is not in the horizontal position to re-adjust the level of scraping shovel outside).

If the receiver can only detect the laser signal in the range of ± 5 cm above the reference level, the position of the laser transmitter and the receiver should be adjusted first. Therefore, it is necessary to check whether the receiver can detect the laser signal. , To determine the laser launcher elevation, and adjust the laser transmitter and receiver, so that the receiver can receive the laser signal; Second, check whether the controller is open, when the receiver is in the normal working condition, Work, you can check the controller fixed in the cab is powered, that is, the control handle on the "ON" position red light (indicating the controller is normal), such as the red light does not light, you can check the controller and the battery is powered; Third, check the hydraulic control system in the pressure valve is damaged, when the pressure valve is damaged, the hydraulic circuit in a normal state, scraping shovel can not lift; Fourth, check the solenoid valve is damaged, when the solenoid valve is damaged, the hydraulic The oil is in a closed state and the scraper is not working properly.

5, shovel load adjustment

In the process of shoveling, one is to control the amount of ground shovel to eat soil, the general control in the 2 ~ 3 cm, do less shovel many times; the second is to control the throttle, to keep the grader in a uniform state of work; Third, when the leveling resistance Increase, the engine overload, rapid decline in speed, exhaust pipe black smoke, it should be immediately transferred to the manual position of the scraping shovel switch to the "lifting" position of the move, so that the scraper slightly raised, while increasing The throttle to smooth work, the control switch to the "down" position, and switch to the automatic position to continue operations; Fourth, such as the field of water is too small, in the course of the operation, poor soil fluid situation, paddy field laser The mud in the scraper of the grader will continue to accumulate and the soil jamming problem occurs. When the squeegee load is too large, the driving wheel slip rate of the laser graders will increase or the engine will be forced to turn off. The machine can not move forward, resulting in flat shovel can not work, after the operation of the plots will scratch the groove, then the manual shovel operation should be carried out to reduce the scraper load, timely irrigation to the operating field to maintain the water level of about 2 cm , To ensure the best results of the operation.

6, the operation of the formation of plots on the impact of equipment operations

If the flattening of the flattened field is poor, the flat shovel should not be too large. If the flatness of the front field is good, the flat shovel should have a large forward angle, and the leveling effect is better because the ground shovel After tilting forward, the drag resistance is reduced and the leveling efficiency is improved. The condition of paddy field in paddy field before land operation has a great influence on the effect of flat land. If the time of rotation and soaking is different, the soil effect of paddy field before formation is different, and the effect on the comprehensive effect of operation is different.

Through the use of paddy field graders, laser leveling technology compared with the traditional way, can significantly improve the farmland level, in the conditional area instead of people, livestock and conventional paddy field leveling machine. Improve the utilization of land, saving irrigation water. Effectively promote the mechanization of agricultural production.